European NATO countries are enhancing their defense strategies in response to emerging threats, focusing on weapon stock replenishment, mission readiness, and technological innovation. While traditional defense industries will likely dominate the first two priorities, start-ups and private funding could significantly impact technological advancements. The European defense tech ecosystem is currently less mature than the U.S., with increased funding and investment opportunities. However, challenges remain, such as securing late-stage funding and navigating complex procurement processes. Strengthening collaboration between start-ups and established defense companies, improving public perception, and adapting procurement mechanisms are critical for fostering innovation and resilience in Europe’s defense sector.